The Great Navigator Columbus Free Essays

The great navigator Columbus Mr. Christopher Columbus (1451-1506) navigator Spain famous and pioneering major geographical discoveries in human history. He was in his youth believer in the theory of spherical Earth and not leading the famous Marco Polo every respect and appreciation, and the determination to become a navigator. We will write a custom essay sample on The Great Navigator Columbus or any similar topic only for you Order Now During the period between the year 1492 and in 1502 crossed the Atlantic Ocean four times and discovered the American continent and became a great crew in the history of the world. Columbus Italy and had a passion for navigation and exploration since he was young and looked forward to traveling to China and India. And has repeatedly asked the Portuguese and Spanish kings and the British and French to help him do a cruise to the west until it reaches to the eastern states, but they rejected the plan because the spherical earth theory were not complete and convincing in those days. He spent more than ten years trying to convince people to help him implement his navigational plan. In 1492 the queen of Spain with the help of satisfied Columbus financially the implementation of the plan. In September 1492 launched Columbus’ fleet of three ships and 87 crew from Europe to the west, hoping to reach Asia in the end. A month after the fleet arrived at the dry ground, and Columbus and his men think Columbus and his men, it is the land of Asia, told the audience in Europe that they have arrived in India. Thus Columbus discovered the American continent without being aware of the fact discovered. This trip changed the great process of the evolution of the history of the world, and turned the World Trade Center from the Mediterranean Sea to the west shore of the Atlantic Ocean. In the following centuries, modern industrial civilization has become a new trend of the evolution of the global economy. The United States identified in 1792 on the 12th of October or the first two second-day of October each year, â€Å"Columbus Day†. In this day every year organizes most U. S. states many festive activities on the occasion of the anniversary of Columbus’ discovery of the Americas. How to cite The Great Navigator Columbus, Papers

Scene Analysis of Twelfth Night free essay sample

Feste, the Fool, disguises himself as Sir Topas, a priest, and visits Malvolio in his imprisonment, under direction of Maria and Sir Toby. Malvolio is relieved to hear the voice of the priest and believes the priest might release him from his prison. Malvolio makes the claim that he is not insane and is wrongly imprisoned in darkness. Feste tells Malvolio that he is in a well-lit room and that the darkness is simply ignorance. Sir Toby becomes afraid that if this jest goes on for any longer, Olivia, his niece might kick him out of her house. Sir Toby urges Feste to talk to Malvolio as himself. Feste, however, is having a bit of fun with his new alter ego. Feste begins talking to Malvolio as himself, but he begins using both personas in the conversation. Malvolio still urges Feste that he is sane and asks Feste to bring him a pen, some paper and a light. We will write a custom essay sample on Scene Analysis of Twelfth Night or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Feste offers to retrieve the requested items. 3. This scene deals directly with the ideas of identity and insanity found throughout the play. Feste dresses like a priest in order to assume the identity of Sir Topas. However, Malvolio is in darkness and is incapable of seeing Feste. The disguise is not needed, but the usage of the disguise points to identity being a direct result of personal appearance. Feste must dress as a priest in order to act like a priest. Previously, Malvolio dressed rather absurdly and was, by the same logic inherent in Feste’s costuming, insane. The scene also changes the audience’s perception of Malvolio. Earlier in the play, Malvolio’s character is a boring burden of sobriety on the community. As such a character, his humiliation seems warranted. In this scene, however, he is helpless. Feste treats Malvolio like a toy and attempts to convince him that he is truly insane. . The scene’s location in the play breaks up the action involving Sebastian in the first and third scenes of Act IV. This scene’s tone is lighter and comical in what would be a more serious act. It also adds the perspective of a brief passage of time between the two Sebastian scenes, thus allowing Olivia’s character to depart and collect the priest that is to marry her to Sebastian. 5. This scene directly affects the tone of the final act of the play. Malvolio’s resistance to Feste as the fool insists he is mad helps portray Malvolio as he sole person that is fully aware of his own identity. Malvolio knows that he is sane, whereas insanity holds onto other more frenetic characters. His stalwart sanity makes him incapable of letting down his guard and joining in the fun. At the play’s close, Malvolio finds out that Olivia did not write the love note, and his imprisonment was the result of a practical joke. If Malvolio were capable of buying into Feste’s claims that he was insane, he might have been more accepting of the joke. Instead, he claims he will have his rev enge and adds a sour tone to the ending of the play.

Significance Of The Hands Of Achilleus Essays - Achilles, Iliad

Significance Of The Hands Of Achilleus Achilleus hands are a prevalent image in Homers Iliad. By focusing on Achilleus hands, we as the audience, gain insight on not only the character of Achilleus but also the customs of the society in which he lived. Much of this insight is not directly conveyed to the reader but a deeper look into the reasoning behind why the hands were focused on will reveal the insight mentioned before. In many cases Achilleus hands are a direct representation of himself and whatever happens to Achilleus is shown through his hands. Often the actions to the hands themselves are discrete and are often symbolically related to the actions that are placed upon Achilleus. Nonetheless his hands provide a greater understanding of why the things that happen to Achilleus actually occur. For example, we learn the true extent of Achilleus love for Patroklos when the author focuses on the hands of Achilleus as they touch the body of Patroklos. The manner in which he touches the body shows a great expression of love for his fallen comrade. Achilleus and Patroklos always had a strong relationship, which extended beyond the normal warrior-companion relationships of the time. These two men shared a very strong emotional bond and we never really see any expression of these feelings until after Patroklos has fallen in battle. One of the ways we see the expression of love for Patroklos is through Achilleus hands. We see the hands of Achilleus again while Achilleus is mourning for Patroklos and Antilochus holds Achilleus hands. The hands were focused upon in this instance because in the Greek culture it is considered perfect mourning if one person commits suicide for the deceased person. So Antilochus sits there in fear that Achilleus might cut his throat. This scene gives us further insight as to the beliefs of the Greeks at this period in history. We see that suicide can be considered acceptable under the proper circumstances. This ritualistic suicide is no longer accepted in todays society but it plays an important factor in providing us with valuable information about Greek culture. Lastly, Achilleus would often return to camp with his hands stained with blood. This image of blood is used to remind us, the reader, of the extreme violence and horror of this war. When Achilleus cleaned himself his hands were also clean which symbolized Achilleus as a normal person with feelings like everyone else. Once he entered battle and blood was split on his hands then Achilleus makes a small transformation into a brutal bloodthirsty warrior. In conclusion, Achilleus hands are an important theme to the Iliad. Homer probably used Achilleus hands to provide not only dramatic effect to the plot but to give the audience a little insight as to why things happened the way they did or to show how good or bad a situation really was. Whenever Achilleus underwent a transition from role to role his hands also changed. When Achilleus went from citizen to warrior his hands became drenched in blood. When Achilleus went from warrior to lover his hand went from the hands of a savage to hands that caressed. Achilleus hands had a great presence in the story and if it had no been for this image I believe the story would not be as effective on describing the depths of Achilleus as it is now. Mythology Essays

Free Essays on Lonliness

Loneliness Leaves Clues This story strangely portrays a relationship between a brother and sister who are going through depressing times: â€Å"Loneliness left clues, and I would pick up his while he picked up mine, neither of us ever mentioning them†(82). The short story that I chose is from the February, 2002 edition of Harper’s Magazine. Antonya Nelson is the author of the story titled â€Å"Ball Peen†, which refers to a hammer that the narrator describes as a ball peen hammer. This title is significant because it is referred to and used figuratively throughout the story. The author doesn’t let the hammer slip your mind, relating back to it whenever there is a chance. The ball peen hammer symbolizes the narrator’s strength. Much of her strength is derived from her brother, who gives her confidence and consoles her. A young woman, placing you in her thoughts and perceptions, narrates the story. Her name is not mentioned in the story so I will acknowledge her as the narrator. She begins her story by glimpsing back on one Christmas when she is fifteen. This is the Christmas that her brother, Sonny, gives her a hammer as a gift. At first this gift meant that he had forgotten to get her a present, but later she realizes that he picked it out just for her. She comes to appreciate it and finds that it was actually very useful. She explains that she even grew fond of it: â€Å"For comfort, I often slip my hand in my purse, as if in a pocket, to cup that smooth ball peen†(77). After introducing the hammer the narrator then starts telling her story at hand. She lives in a town called Telluride where she was born and raised. She is the only one out of her family left there, babysitting her parent’s old house for them. Her brother moved away as a teenager to Colorado Springs following his girlfriend who moved there. Her parents moved there soon after when Telluride becomes famous for it’s skiing. The narrator reveals that she is ha... Free Essays on Lonliness Free Essays on Lonliness Loneliness Leaves Clues This story strangely portrays a relationship between a brother and sister who are going through depressing times: â€Å"Loneliness left clues, and I would pick up his while he picked up mine, neither of us ever mentioning them†(82). The short story that I chose is from the February, 2002 edition of Harper’s Magazine. Antonya Nelson is the author of the story titled â€Å"Ball Peen†, which refers to a hammer that the narrator describes as a ball peen hammer. This title is significant because it is referred to and used figuratively throughout the story. The author doesn’t let the hammer slip your mind, relating back to it whenever there is a chance. The ball peen hammer symbolizes the narrator’s strength. Much of her strength is derived from her brother, who gives her confidence and consoles her. A young woman, placing you in her thoughts and perceptions, narrates the story. Her name is not mentioned in the story so I will acknowledge her as the narrator. She begins her story by glimpsing back on one Christmas when she is fifteen. This is the Christmas that her brother, Sonny, gives her a hammer as a gift. At first this gift meant that he had forgotten to get her a present, but later she realizes that he picked it out just for her. She comes to appreciate it and finds that it was actually very useful. She explains that she even grew fond of it: â€Å"For comfort, I often slip my hand in my purse, as if in a pocket, to cup that smooth ball peen†(77). After introducing the hammer the narrator then starts telling her story at hand. She lives in a town called Telluride where she was born and raised. She is the only one out of her family left there, babysitting her parent’s old house for them. Her brother moved away as a teenager to Colorado Springs following his girlfriend who moved there. Her parents moved there soon after when Telluride becomes famous for it’s skiing. The narrator reveals that she is ha...

Nonverbal Communication Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Nonverbal Communication - Essay Example Nonverbal communication is used because it offers a number of advantages which the verbal communication does not. Nonverbal communication provides an individual with more safety and freedom of expression in quite a lot of places. Individuals’ moods and body language are the primary controllers of interaction among them. One sentence can be perceived in several different ways depending upon the way it has been said. Hence, nonverbal communication often directs the verbal communication and plays a very important role in the development of understanding among the interacting people. There are a lot of differences between the way nonverbal communication is used by men and women. This paper explores the subject of nonverbal communication from different aspects and identifies the differences between the non-textual nonverbal communication of men and women. Nonverbal communication, as the name implies, is a communication that is anything but verbal. â€Å"[N]onverbal communication i nvolves those nonverbal stimuli in a communication setting that are generated by both the source [speaker] and his or her use of the environment and that have potential message value for the source or receiver [listener]† (â€Å"Non-Verbal Communication†). In the simplest words, it is unspoken communication (Butler). This means that nonverbal communication is inclusive of text messages, emails, and other more complication and indirect ways of communication like the one through body language. Nonverbal communication through text often takes place when the communication people can not see one another face-to-face. However, in order to communicate through the body language or gestures, it is imperative that the communicating people can see one another. Technology is the most essential prerequisite of doing the nonverbal communication through text. Exchanging text messages, writing and reading emails, and chatting require mobile phones and/or computers with Internet connect ion to take place. The most fundamental element that makes the nonverbal communication different, and in a way, superior to the verbal communication is the fact that nonverbal communication broadcasts an individual’s true intentions and feelings to others and allows the individual an insight into the other person’s heart (â€Å"Improving your nonverbal†). There is a lot of disparity in the nonverbal communication of men and women specially on grounds of nonverbal immediacy or attitudes which cause the people to be close psychosocially. Attitudes included in the nonverbal immediacy include but are not limited to eye contact, gesturing, close proximity, smiling, vocal inflections, orientation of the body as well as touching during communication. Women rely on the nonverbal communication more than men do. One reason for this is the fact that men are braver and hence, more straight forward as compared to the women. In other words, men make use of metaphors in places where women feel more comfortable with using the similes. Men say whatever they feel on the face while women generally adopt more indirect ways of expressing their emotions, which is complicated not only for them, but also equally complicated for the listener to comprehend. Men’s ways to communicate non-verbally are more through deeds than gestures which women make use of to communicate non-verbally. This is particularly evident in the times of conflict. For example, a man may make use of his power or relations to get an individual unemployed just to tell him/her that he/she has made a big mistake by messing with a man of such huge power and significance in the society. On the other hand, a woman who is agitated to the same level as this man may just refuse to interact with the offender in an attempt to convey the message that she did

Comments on readings Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Comments on readings - Assignment Example Employees of the organization can follow these values, because they are derived from some of their religious beliefs. Canada also has a human rights act, and all provinces in it, are subjected to the act. One of the major provisions of this act is prevention of discrimination. Because these provinces are subjected to the human rights act, people can appeal any of their decisions to the Canadian Supreme Court. The courts have a responsibility of interpreting these provisions based on their ideological beliefs as opposed to the technical wording of the laws under consideration. One of the rights and freedoms enshrined in Canadian Human Rights Act is Freedom of religion. Courts normally find it difficult to interpret this law. However, when this matter goes to court, the courts normally take a subjective approach. This involves a situation where the courts would value the religious beliefs of a particular individual, as opposed to the religious belief of the whole faith. This is one of the best approaches in promoting freedom of religion. This is because the interests of a particular individual are pr otected. This article talks about the issue of discrimination, because of religion. It tries to analyze the likelihood of an individual refusing to work with women, mainly because his religious belief does not allow him. This is unfortunate situation, which if it is allowed to exist, may result to inefficiencies in the work place. This is because it would not advocate for diversity, which is an important concept that helps in the promotion of a high quality work. For example, if this is allowed, people may refuse working with female leaders, on the pretext of religion. This is discrimination, and this behavior should be condemned. The charter of rights and freedom of Canada advocates for an equal treatment before the law and execution of the law without discriminating an individual. It is one of the foundational principles that

Criminology Essays Youth Crime Prevention

Criminology Essays Youth Crime Prevention Youth Crime Prevention Youth and Crime: The Need for a Prevention Strategy There is considerable debate over the issue of whether the level or the seriousness of offences committed by youth has increased in recent years. Those who feel it has point to statistical evidence of increased youth involvement in certain types of crimes. This position is also often supported by our personal experience of victimization, and our collective exposure to media reports of dramatic incidents involving young offenders. Others, however, argue that some of the apparent increase in official rates is a result of lower tolerance on the part of the public, and of an increasing tendency to use the formal justice system rather than community based or interpersonal solutions in response to offending by young people. In any case, there seems little doubt that there are increasing levels of concern among the public about the problem of youth crime and an increased understanding that most adult offenders start committing offences as youth and, thus, intervention must occur early to be beneficial. 3 The focus is on youth because research shows that early onset of delinquent and aggressive behaviour is the single best predictor of prolonged involvement with the criminal justice system.5 Thus, the intent of prevention focusing on youth is to reduce the occurrence and/or delay the onset of the initiation of delinquent behaviour. In other words, if a comprehensive crime prevention strategy for youth is developed and implemented, it would have the short-term effect of lowering the number of youth processed by the criminal justice system, thus saving both time and money, and the long-term effect of actually lowering the rates of crime and victimization, thus making the role of police less reactive. Crime Prevention The term crime prevention, in the broadest sense, encompasses any activity that has the effect of reducing crime.6 It includes a broad spectrum of activities, ranging from the social development approach to the prevention of opportunity through to deterrence. These include diversion of offenders prior to charging and dealing with offenders after sentence.7 A comprehensive strategy for crime prevention would include a complete range of activities covering all levels of intervention and elements of the crime event. 8 The problem of youth crime is complex and requires the involvement of the families, communities, schools, and often other agencies, to develop and implement prevention initiatives. Focus on the Causes of Criminal Behaviour In dealing with youth and children it is very important to understand the causes of criminal behaviour. Risk factors, such as early onset of delinquent behaviour, family violence, lack of support and supervision, substance abuse, etc., should become the focus for prevention programs. The social development approach is particularly well-suited for dealing with the causes of delinquency. Consideration of Victims’ Needs A lack of support for victims can result in continued victimization, causing further suffering for the victim. The provision of victim support services to deal with the effects of the crime are essential for responding effectively. The interests of other victims and potential victims need to be recognized and addressed as well. The use of alternatives to the traditional court system allows more involvement of victims in the process. If the victims wish to be involved in mediation or victim/offender reconciliation this should be actively encouraged. Tertiary prevention involves the full range of responses that occur after a crime has been committed. The vast majority of the activities of the criminal justice system are tertiary interventions. The objective is to rehabilitate or incapacitate the offender (deter recidivism), deter others who might consider similar behaviour, and repair some of the damage done to the victim. At present, most of the activity in this area concentrates on detecting, convicting, and sanctioning offenders. The major limitation of the public health model described above is the fact that it is grounded in the principles of pure science and implies that causes of crime are as identifiable as the causes of disease. Unfortunately, social science is not as exact a discipline as health science. It is based on associations and probabilities as opposed to certain specific causes. Further, there is often inadequate and sometimes conflicting evidence regarding the validity of specific causes.3 This raises the possibility of mislabeling a specific individual as a potential criminal because of his or her history and social circumstances or, on the other hand, mislabeling someone as unlikely to commit crime because of their positive social environment when in fact they are involved in crime. 4.1.2 Where The Focus of Prevention A prevention initiative must identify one or more specific targets upon which a proposed program can have an impact. The design of an initiative must consider the full range of target options. This requires a focus on all the aspects of a criminal event, which include an offender(s), a victim(s), and a situation(s) which brings these people together.4 The focus on the offender turns our attention to the issue of the motivation of a criminal act (e.g., Why is the individual tempted?; Are there social factors that place the individual at greater risk?), and to the ability of that same individual to exercise sufficient self-control over criminal motives. The thrust of offender-based strategies is to reduce the social conditions believed to contribute to criminal activity, reduce the levels of criminal motivation, or increase the capacity of individuals to exercise self-control. The focus on the situation shifts the attention to the opportunity to commit a criminal act, and to the levels of external control on individuals or groups. The main thrust here is on attempts to make 46 offending more difficult or less rewarding, or to increase the probability that an offender will be identified and caught. The focus on the victim raises the issue of the relative vulnerability of certain individuals or groups to criminal victimization. The thrust of intervention in this area is on improving the ability of potential victims to manage risk more effectively, and on providing the necessary support and assistance necessary to allow people to reduce their exposure to risk. A Conceptual Framework for Crime Prevention The discussion of the possible levels and targets of a prevention initiative can be combined into a typology of prevention options.5 The typology presented in Table 4.1 allows us to identify the range of elements and components that should be considered in the development of a comprehensive prevention strategy. Community Crime Prevention The objective of this strategy is to supplement the work and resources of the police by improving the capacity of a community to supervise and control potential offenders. The emphasis is on increasing informal social control, usually through programs such as Neighbourhood Watch, which recruit members of the community on a volunteer basis as the eyes and ears of the justice system. Tertiary PreventionThe assumption is that this will provide more information to the police and the courts, thus allowing them to improve their rate of arrests and convictions. The theory is that this will deter offenders and thus improve community safety. Unfortunately, the research on this type of programs is not always supportive or encouraging: there is little indication that crime rates are reduced, and it appears that these programs are extremely difficult to set up in the communities that need them the most.6 Traditionally, the criminal justice system has intervened largely at the tertiary level, that is, after an offence has been reported. The overwhelming focus of attention has been on the identification, arrest, prosecution and conviction of offenders. The shift to a focus on prevention of recidivism and the integration of the offender provides a context for the discussion of the general strategy of diversion as an option for dealing with the needs and concerns of victims, offenders, and communities in a more effective and cost efficient manner. A discussion of strategic options for the design and implementation of diversion programs can be found in Chapter 6.0 of this manual. In the area of policing, the problem is to identify and implement policing strategies that maximize the ability to reduce recidivism and ideally, to deter others from getting involved in offending. Traditionally, the role of the police has been to deliver prosecutable cases to the Crown prosecutor for processing the assumption being that successful prosecutions and sentences would have the best effect on both recidivism and general deterrence. However, the recognition of the broad range of risk factors associated with the development of persistent offending offers an alternative to this approach. The lesson from the research on persistent offenders is that success is most likely in situations where the full range of problems faced by the individual are addressed by early intervention. In practical terms, this means designing intervention strategies that reflect the knowledge we have of risk factors. (the above is not in my words just extra info! The assignment must be on one case study only! Thinking errors: Thinking errors involves young people (under the age of 18 years old) attempting to alter the truth and to ignore taking accountability for their actions and repercussions. There are many common thinking errors that young offenders may use. Blaming: a young individualperson who justifies their negative behaviour as being due to someone else initiating the incident they have committed. E.g. it was not my fault, she started it. Assuming: a young individualperson may assume they know what another person is thinking or feeling and will often act before verifying the details. E.g. he looked at me funny as if he wanted to fight so before he hit me I hit him. Minimising: the young individualperson will try to make what he or she did seem less bad. E.g. I didn’t crash the car that badly, it can still start. Telling lies: a young individualperson tries to lie about what he or she have done. E.g. I didn’t steal that lady’s handbag, she dropped it and I picked it up. Coming up with excuses’: a young person constantly making up excuses for their action. E.g. but I really didn’t see her there I thought it was my toy gun not a real gun that was loaded. Thinking errors are created through faulty understanding of facts. Everyone engages in thinking errors at some point in time and it doesn’t automatically render into a life of criminality but many young people engage in criminal behaviour, and will use thinking errors to validate their wrong doings or actions.